The End Of Knowledge - Vault 4/17 - AI For Good - 2018 - Inventing for the bottom billion, reverse innovation

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bottom billion, reverse
innovation] --> B[Technology moves problems to
solutions: Gates. 1] B --> C[Start with problems,
find solutions. 2] A --> D[Five scientific revolutions
converging simultaneously. 3] D --> E[Interdisciplinary AI, genomics,
data, biochemistry needed. 4] E --> F[Convergence needed for technological
revolution: Nature. 5] A --> G[Gates Foundation: tech transforms
unhelpful devices. 6] A --> H[West African farmers produce
11x less. 7] H --> I[AI analytics aid 500M
smallholder farmers. 8] I --> J[Crowdsourced data aligns
agricultural activities. 9] A --> K[Only 3% global health R&D
for major deaths. 10] K --> L[Preventable diseases cause
40-50% disease burden. 11] A --> M[Reinvent healthcare using
data, integrated approaches. 12] M --> N[AI enables specialist-level
clinical decisions. 13] N --> O[1.5B lack healthcare access:
biometric IDs help. 14] M --> P[AI microscopes detect
malaria drug susceptibility. 15] P --> Q[Curated clinical data trains
AI for diagnosis. 16] Q --> R[Camera phone ultrasounds
diagnose pulmonary conditions. 17] R --> S[AI sees ultrasound indicators
better than X-rays. 18] S --> T[AI predicts cervical cancer,
improves screening. 19] M --> U[Pandemics pose major risks,
AI builds models. 20] U --> V[AI predicts disease outbreaks
at district level. 21] V --> W[Machine learning aids
eradication efforts like polio. 22] A --> X[AI for bottom billion
serves next billion. 23] X --> Y[Reverse innovation from
bottom 50% globally. 24] Y --> Z[Solutions from base
of the pyramid. 25] class B,C technology class D,E,F ai class G,H,I,J agriculture class K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W healthcare class X,Y,Z technology

Resume:

1.- Technology and innovation can help move population-scale problems into solutions, as Bill Gates proposed 5 years ago in creating Global Good.

2.- Rather than starting with technology and searching for problems, we need to start with problems and figure out what solutions can solve them.

3.- At least 5 major scientific revolutions are converging simultaneously: genomics, material sciences, computing, AI, which can be integrated to solve problems.

4.- An interdisciplinary approach integrating AI, genomics, population data, advanced computing and biochemistry is needed to bring population-scale solutions into focus.

5.- Nature journal recognized different disciplines must converge to bring about the next technological revolution. AI can't work alone without other subjects.

6.- From the Gates Foundation view, AI and other technologies can transform unhelpful devices into useful ones that solve problems in different settings.

7.- Smallholder farmers like Aminata in West Africa produce 11x less per hectare than in Europe due to lack of technology and data.

8.- 500M smallholder farmers could benefit from AI devices providing analytics on soil, crops, yield predictions to access markets, financing, and inputs.

9.- Crowdsourced field data can drive understanding of agricultural systems and align activities of governments, local workers to improve smallholder output.

10.- Healthcare is in crisis for most of the world. Only 3% of global health R&D goes to diseases causing 40% of deaths.

11.- 40-50% of the global disease burden is from preventable infectious diseases. Medicine can prevent/treat but investments target the wrong areas.

12.- Healthcare needs reinvention using data and integrated approaches. AI can help triage the burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

13.- AI and machine learning can enable health workers to make specialist-level clinical decisions, such as identifying patients and tracking clinical records.

14.- 1.5B people don't access healthcare because the system can't identify them. AI analyzes infant palms/feet as biometric IDs to enable tracking.

15.- AI microscopes can automatically detect malaria drug susceptibility, bringing sophisticated lab capabilities to primary care via low-cost devices.

16.- Curating large clinical datasets (5.7M cases across 130 countries) enables training AI for specialist-level diagnosis in simple devices.

17.- Breakthroughs in materials, acoustics and AI are enabling camera phone ultrasounds to automatically diagnose pulmonary conditions without specialist expertise.

18.- 1.7M case trials show AI can see diagnostic indicators in ultrasound "noise" that are more sensitive than X-rays, discovering new medical knowledge.

19.- AI analysis of cervical images can predict cancer better than Pap smears, potentially making screening accessible globally and eradicating the disease.

20.- Pandemics pose major global risks. Simulations show a Spanish Flu-like pandemic emerging in West Africa today could kill 33M people.

21.- AI and big data enable building predictive geospatial disease models at subnational levels to guide effective public health interventions.

22.- Combining machine learning and statistical simulations can predict disease outbreaks to the district level, aiding eradication efforts like for polio.

23.- Breakthroughs in AI for the bottom billion are not just charity but serve the next billion customers as populations rise out of poverty.

24.- Reverse innovation means technological breakthroughs, especially using AI to solve population-scale problems, will come from focusing on the bottom 50% globally.

25.- Just as mobile phones and finance leapfrogged in Africa, healthcare and food security solutions will emerge from the base of the pyramid.

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